经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内再狭窄的遗传学与表观遗传学研究进展

摘要

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是人类最主要的死亡原因之一,也是消耗巨大医疗资源的疾病.经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)是冠心病治疗的重大进展之一.然而,PCI治疗面临支架内再狭窄(in-stent restenosis,ISR)的重大挑战.尽管药物支架减少了ISR的发生,再狭窄发生率仍达5％～10％.支架后血管内皮细胞过度增生和平滑肌细胞移行是支架术后再狭窄的主要原因.再狭窄个体差异的确切机制还不完全明确,可能存在多种原因.除了高年龄、吸烟、糖尿病等可能增加再狭窄率外,越来越多的研究发现遗传因素和表观遗传学因素对疾病的进展有着重要影响.本文主要对冠心病患者PCI术后发生支架内再狭窄的遗传学和表观遗传学研究进行综述,以期初步确定冠心病患者PCI术后再狭窄发生的遗传危险因素.%Coronary heart disease is one of the most important causes of death in human,and consumes vast medical resources. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been a significant breakthrough for its treatment. However,clinical application has been hampered by in-stent restenosis (ISR).Although drug eluting stent (DES) has reduced the occurrence of restenosis,incidence of ISR is still about 5 ％ to 10 ％.The main reasons for restenosis after PCI are hyperplasia of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell migration.The exact mechanism of personalized differences in restenosis is not clear yet,but there may be a variety of risk factors.In addition to aging,smoking and diabetes,an increasing number of studies have found that genetic and epigenetic factors play an important role in ISR.In this article,authors have reviewed genetic and epigenetic factors on the progression of ISR,which may help to determine the genetic risk factors in patients with ISR after PCI.