CRISPR/Cas9在医学检验中的研究进展及应用

摘要

成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR/Cas9),是细菌和古菌识别自身及外源入侵DNA片段的一种天然免疫防御系统,保护其不受病毒的侵害.近年来CRISPR/Cas9成为革命性的基因编辑工具被广泛应用,它特异靶向性的定点切割能力在核酸检测、细菌分型等方面也有着重要的意义,在医学检验领域展现出巨大应用潜力.本文在最新研究进展的基础上,对CRISPR/Cas9在医学检验核酸检测新技术、病原菌分型及细菌进化研究等方面的应用进展进行了综述,同时对CRISPR技术在医学检验领域的应用前景进行了展望.%Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9),a cluster of regularly spaced short palindromic repeats,is a natural immune defense system for bacteria and archaea to identify themselves and exogenous invading DNA fragments,protecting them from viruses.In recent years,CRISPR/Cas9 has become a revolutionary gene editing tool.Its specific targeted spot-cutting ability also plays an important role in nucleic acid detection,bacterial typing,etc.,and has shown great application potential in the field of medical testing.Based on the latest researches,this paper reviews the progress of CRISPR/Cas9 application in the new techniques of nucleic acid detection,pathogen typing and bacterial evolution in laboratory medicine,and also summarizes the application prospect of CRISPR technology in the field of laboratory medicine.