低体质指数的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者临床和实验室研究

摘要

目的 探讨低体质指数(BMI)的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床特征及与COPD患者BMI相关的因素. 方法 选取中、重度稳定期COPD患者38例,测量身高、体质量,按BMI分为低体质量组:16例,BMI<20}正常体质量组22例,20≤BMI<26.所有患者行肺功能检查;记录吸烟指数;测6 min步行距离(6MWD);采用英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(MRC)记录气促分级并评分;St George's呼吸问卷(SGRQ)和一般健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评价生活质量,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清瘦素、格列林的水平. 结果 低体质量组与正常体质量组比较,深吸气量(IC)明显降低(P<0.01);第1秒用力呼气量(FEVl)、肺活量(VC)、最大通气量(MVV)、最大呼气峰值流速(PEF)均下降(P<0.05);残气量与肺总量比值(RV/TLC)明显增高(P<0.01).低体质量组吸烟指数增加,6MWD减少(P<0.05),MRC气促评分增高(P<0.01).低体质量组SGRQ评分中活动分、影响分与总均分增高(P<0.05),SF-36量表中情感职能、社会功能评分明显减低(P<0.05).低体质量组瘦素水平明显降低(P<0.01),格列林水平增高(P<0.05).经多元逐步回归分析发现,与BMI独立相关的因素分别是:IC、SF-36量表的精神健康和生理机能、瘦索、6MWD、吸烟指数. 结论 低BMI COPD患者肺功能、营养状况、运动能力及生活质量较正常BMI患者下降;IC与BMI关系最密切,患者的精神健康、运动能力、血清瘦素水平、吸烟指数均与BMI独立相关;纠正低BMI应为COPD综合治疗的重要组成部分.%Objective To study the characteristics of patients with low body mass index (BMI) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 38 clinically stable patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: underweight (UW) group (n=16,BMI<20);normal weight(NW) group(n=22, 20≤BMI<26). Body height and weight, smoking indexs, and six minutes walk distance (6MWD) were assayed. The British Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale was used to assess the degree of dyspnea. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Short Form 36 item Questionnaire (SF-36) were used for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation. The serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the NW group, the inspiratory eapacity(IC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), vital capacity (VC) ,most ventilate volume (MVV) and peak expiratory flow(PEF) were lower(P<0. 05) in the UW group. Residual volume-to-total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC), smoking indexs and MRC score were higher (all P<0. 05) and 6MWD was significantly lower (P<0. 05) in the UW group than in NW group. Activity scores,impact scores and total scores of SGRQ showed significant deterioration in the UW group (P<0. 05). SF-36 also showed significantly worse scores for the parameters of the emotional and social functioning (P < 0. 05 ). Serum leptin was significantly lower ( P< 0.01 ) and ghrelin was higher in UW group than in NW group (P<0. 05). Stepwise multiple regression analyse showed that lC,mental health(MH) and physical function (PF) of SF-36, leptin,6MWD and smoking indexs were independently correlated with BMI. Conchtsions The pulmonary function, nutritional status, PF and life quality of COPD patients with low BMI were more deteriorative. The most significant influencing factor for BMI in COPD patients was IC. M H,exercise capacity,leptin level and smoking indexs were independently correlated with BMI in COPD patients. It is important to retrieve low BMI in the management of COPD patients.