杭州社区中老年居民骨质疏松知识和相关行为调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the knowledge of osteoporosis and its related behavior in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods A total of 1199 residents aged≥45 years in Hangzhou community were investigated by health survey questionnaire of osteoporosis.Results There were statistically significant differences in osteoporosis symptom scores according to ages (aged 45 to 59 years,6.38±2.64; aged 60 to 74 years,5.69±2.83; aged over 75 years,4.43±2.54),and according to education background (middle school or below.4.56± 2.01; secondary school,6.07±2.45; university or higher,8.25±2.69),and according to occupation (mental labour,5.89±3.21;manual labour,4.57 ± 2.36),and residence (city,6.12 ± 3.32 ; countryside,4.34 ± 2.25) (F/t =14.59,26.94,6.29,8.35,respectively,P＜0.01).There were significant differences in types ofexercise between rural and urban population (no exercise or little exercise,30.4％ vs.32.9％; light burden movement,64.4％ vs.53.5％; weight-bearing exercise,5.2％ vs.13.6％; x2 =22.13,P＜0.01).The significant food intake differences were found between rural and urban residents (milk,30.2％ vs.38.3％ sea-food,28.2％ vs.35.7％; bean-products,48.3％ vs.56.1％; fruit,52.6％vs.62.5％; coffee,3.2％ vs.7.4％; x2=8.55,7.77,7.21,19.37,10.14,respectively,all P＜0.01).Conclusions Health education should be individualized based on age,education level and occupation.The elderly and low education groups should be concerned.We should shift the focus of publicity and education to the countryside and enhance the awareness of osteoporosis prevention in order to build a healthy lifestyle.%目的 了解中老年居民骨质疏松(OP)健康知识掌握情况及生活习惯,研究其相关因素. 方法 对1199例杭州市45岁及以上居民进行OP知识问卷调查. 结果 OP知识得分45～岁、60～岁及75岁以上组分别为(6.38±2.64)分、(5.69±2.83)分、(4.43±2.54)分；初中以下、中学及大学以上得分分别为(4.56±2.01)分、(6.07±2.45)分、(8.25±2.69)分；脑力劳动和体力劳动(5.89±3.21)分、(4.57±2.36)分；城市(6.12±3.32)分、乡村(4.34±2.25)分(F/t=14.59、26.94、6.29、8.35,均P＜0.01).③不运动或极少运动、轻负担运动、负重运动乡村分别为30.4％、64.4％和5.2％；城市分别为32.9％ 、53.5％和13.6％(x2=22.13,P＜0.01).牛奶、海产品、豆制品、水果、摄入及喝咖啡乡村分别为30.2％、28.2％、48.3％、52.6％及3.2％；城市分别为38.3％、35.7％ 、56.1％、62.5％及7.4％(x2=8.55、7.77、7.21、19.37、10.14,均P＜0.01). 结论 健康教育应根据年龄、教育程度、职业等制定个体化方案,关注高龄及文化程度较低人群,同时把宣教重点转移至乡村,增强OP预防意识,指导群众建立健康生活方式.