小胶质细胞在神经发育和神经退行性疾病中的吞噬作用与调节机制

摘要

Microglia, a type of neuroglia, has a variety of functions such as phagocytosis, clearance, antigen presentation,promotion of repairment of injury and secretion of extracellular signaling molecules,in which phagocytosis of microglia plays a crucial role in maintaining brain tissue,remodeling synapses,clearance of several aberrant proteins such as amyloid β in neurodegenerative diseases, and in neurodevelopment. This review briefly summarizes the phagocytic function of microglia with underlying regulatory mechanism in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide a new thought for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.%小胶质细胞是神经胶质细胞的一种,具有吞噬、清除、抗原提呈、促进损伤修复和分泌细胞外信号分子等多种功能.其中,吞噬功能在神经发育、脑组织维持、突触重塑、神经退行性疾病发生发展及淀粉样β蛋白的清除等方面都发挥着重要作用.本文就小胶质细胞在神经发育及神经退行性疾病中的吞噬功能及其调节机制作一简要综述,以期为神经退行性疾病的治疗提供新思路.