影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的院内延误因素分析

摘要

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的院内延误影响因素.方法 回顾性连续纳入2006年1月至2015年5月华北理工大学附属唐山市工人医院神经内科收治的急性缺血性卒中患者220例,均接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分平均为(16±8)分.根据患者到达医院至静脉溶栓的时间(DNT),分为延误组(DNT>60 min,151例)和非延误组(DNT≤60 min,69例).记录两组基线资料、实验室检查、发病到入院时间、影像学检查、急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)病因分型,对两组进行单因素分析,并进一步行多因素Logistic分析.结果 (1)非延误组既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史的比例、入院时血糖水平、发病到入院时间均高于延误组,组间差异均有统计学意义[43.5%(30/69)比3.3%(5/151)、(7.9±3.0) mmol/L比(6.9±2.1) mmol/L、(95±53) min比(80±34) min,均P<0.05];两组TOAST分型构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余基线资料及临床特征的组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.109~0.998,P=0.046)、入院时血糖水平升高(OR:0.775,95%CI:0.657~0.914,P=0.005)、发病到入院时间延长(OR=0.648,95%CI:0.504~0.831,P=0.013)、颈内动脉病变(OR=0.192,95%CI:0.038~0.960,P=0.044)发生溶栓治疗院内延误的风险低;入院时收缩压升高(OR=1.275,95%CI:1.091~1.491,P=0.027)、心源性脑栓塞(OR=3.892,95%CI:1.661~9.112,P=0.006)发生溶栓治疗院内延误的风险高.结论 患者既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史、入院时血糖较高、发病到入院时间较长、存在颈内动脉病变,可能引起家属和诊后医师的重视,不易发生溶栓院内延误,而入院时收缩压较高、心源性脑栓塞易发生院内延误.%Objective To investigate the influencing factors of in-hospital delay using alteplase for intravenous thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods From January 2006 to May 2015,220 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology,Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology were enrolled retrospectively.They all received alteplase for intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Their mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission was 16±8.According to door-to-needle time (DNT),they were divided into either a delay group (DNT >60 min;n=151) or a non-delay group (DNT ≤60 min;n=69).The baseline data,laboratory tests,onset-to-door (OTD) time,imaging,and etiology classification of trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) of both groups were recorded.Univariate analysis was performed on both groups,and further multivariate logistic analysis was performed.Results (1) The proportion of the past history of transient ischemic attack,blood glucose level on admission,time from onset to hospital in the non-delay group were significantly higher than those of the delay group.There were significant differences between the two groups (43.5%[30/69] vs.3.3%[5/151],7.9±3.0 mmol/L vs.6.9±2.1 mmol/L,95±53 min vs.80±34 min,all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the constituent ratio of TOAST classification between the two groups (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in other baseline data and clinical features between the two groups (all P>0.05).(2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of patients with the past history of transient ischemic attack (OR,0.330,95%CI 0.109-0.998,P=0.046),elevated blood glucose levels on admission (OR,0.775,95%CI 0.657-0.914,P=0.005),prolonged onset-to-door time (OR,0.648,95%CI 0.504-0.831,P=0.013),internal carotid artery lesions (OR,0.192,95%CI 0.038-0.960,P=0.044) for occurring in-hospital delay after thrombolysis were low.Systolic pressure on admission(OR,1.275,95%CI 1.091-1.491,P=0.027)and cardioembolism(OR,3.892,95%CI 1.661-9.112,P=0.006) for occurring in-hospital delay after thrombolysisin were high.Conclusion The patients with past history of transient ischemic attack,higher blood glucose,prolonged onset-to-door time,and having internal carotid artery lesions may be cause the attention of family members and doctors,and were less prone to having thrombolytic in-hospital delay,whereas those with higher systolic blood pressure on admission and cardioembolism were prone to having in-hospital delay.