农村留守初中生心理健康状况影响因素研究:应对方式、个性与自尊

摘要

Objective To find out the differences between left -behind and non left-behind junior middle school students (JMSS) on Coping Style,Personality and Self-Esteem,and to analysis the influence of coping style,personality and self-esteem on mental health of left-behind JMSS.Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form,Simplified Coping Style Question-naire,Eysenek Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student.Results Score of positive coping style was lower(1.58±0.45 vs 1.64±0.46,P=0.011),while the score of negative coping style was higher(1.14±0.49 vs 1.09±0.48,P=0.022) for left-behind JMSS than for non-left-behind JMSS;the there were no significant differences on Pschoticism (P) (4.96±3.26 vs 4.83±3.23,P=0.357) ,Extraversion(E) (16.39±3.87 vs 16.61±4.06,P=0.592)and Lie(L) (2.77±3.76 vs12.84±3.71,P=0.447),while score of Neuroticism(N) (10.94±4.83 vs 10.46±5.03,P=0.020)for left-behind JMSS was higher than non-left-behind JMSS;score of self-esteem was loweR 26.67±3.55 vs 27.27±3.56,P=0.001)for left-behind JMSS than non-left-behind JMSS.Mental health of left-behind JMSS was signifi-candy correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.044),negative coping style(r=0.383),P(r=0.331),E(r=-0.113),N(r=0.548),L(r=-0.292) and self-esteem(r=-0.315) ;N (β=0.396),negative coping style (β=0.220),P(β=0.118),aelf-esteem (β=-0.146),positive coping style(β=0.074) and L(β=-0.071)entered the multiple linear regression equation,which can explained 41.1% of the changes on mental health of left-behind JMSS(F=150.602,P=0.000).Conclusion With parents going to cities to work,rural left-behind JMSS used negative coping styles to solve difficulties more,their developments of personality were un-healthier and their score of self-esteem were lower than non-left-behind JMSS,that interfered the development of their mental health.%目的 分析农村留守和非留守初中生应对方式、个性与自尊的差别,并探讨应对方式、个性与自尊对留守初中生心理健康状况的影响.方法 采用一般资料调查表、简易应对方式问卷、艾森克个性问卷少年版、自尊量表以及中国中学生心理健康量表对湖南省五个县(市)5农村个乡(镇)中学2406名初中生进行调查.结果 留守初中生积极应对方式得分低于非留守初中生[(1.58±0.45)分vs(1.64±0.46)分,P=0.011],消极应对方式得分高于非留守初中生[(1.14±0.49)分v8(1.09±0.48)分,P=0.022];两者精神质[(4.96±3.26)分vs(4.83±3.23)分,P=0.357]、内外向[(16.39±3.87)分vs(16.61±4.06)分,P=0.592]、掩饰性[(2.77±3.76)分vs(12.84±3.71)分,P=0.447]得分差异无显著性,情绪稳定性得分[(10.94±4.83)分vs(10.46±5.03)分,P=0.020]差异有显著性;留守初中生自尊得分低于非留守初中生[(26.67±3.55)分vs(27.27±3.56)分,P=00.001];留守初中生心理健康状况与积极应对(r=-0.044)、消极应对(r=0.383)、精神质(r=0.331)、内外向(r=-0.113)、情绪稳定(r=0.548)、掩饰性(r=-0.292)以及自尊(r=-0.315)显著相关(P<0.05);情绪稳定(β=0.396)、消极应对(β=0.220)、精神质(β=0.118)、自尊(β=-0.146)、积极应对(β=0.074)和掩饰性(β=-0.071)进入了多元线性回归方程,能解释留守初中生心理健康状况变异的41.1%(F=150.602,P=0.000).结论 父母外出打工导致留守初中生更常采用消极的应对方式来处理生活中遇到的困难和挫折,个性发展较不健康,自尊得分较低,不利于其心理健康发展.