甲骨文淇水探踪

摘要

Qi （淇）,a famous river in Chinese history, is recorded in Shi Jing （诗经） and other ancient literature. However, the character ＂淇＂ is never found in oracle bone inscriptions. Instead, the character ＂＂ （qi）, hunting field in the Shang capital and surrounding areas, frequently appears in oracle bone inscriptions, though no evidence shows its exact location. In oracle hones discovered at Huayuanzhuang Dongdi, Yinxu, ＂＂ appears together with ＂商＂, ＂＂, ＂ ＂, and ＂ ＂. The characters ＂ ＂ and ＂ ＂ are variants for ＂妹＂ , ＂昧＂, or ＂沫＂, representing ＂妹邦＂ and ＂沫之乡＂ in the Wei state during the Western Zhou. Therefore, ＂＂ should be a place related to the Qi River and is the estuary where the Qi runs into the ancient Yellow River. It is located somewhere in the Qimen （淇门） and Fangcheng （枋城） region, Xunxian, Henan Province.%淇水是一条流淌自洪荒远古的历史名河。《诗经》等古文献中对此多有记载，但在甲骨文中并未发现淇水的“淇”字。而“葵”字常见于甲骨文中，是商代王畿中的田猎地，但其地望何在，因地名孤立存在，无从查考。殷墟花园庄东地甲骨发现之后，卜辞中也有“揍”字，且与“商”、“河”、“”、“”等地名同版系联，这为考证“”的地望提供了有利条件。“”、“”为同字异体，即“”、“昧”、“沫”字，也就是后世西周卫国的“妹邦”和“沫之乡”。则“”地应是与淇水有关的一个地名，即淇水流入古黄河的入河口，在今河南省浚县新镇乡淇门和枋城一带。