Objective To study the influence of different smoking exposure time on the number of dendritic cells ( DCs) in lung tissue of rats. Methods 50 clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group( Group A,10 rats)and cigarette smoke exposure group(40 rats). And rats in cigarette smoke exposure group were divided into 4 groups equal-ly:Group B:exposure to smoke for 4 weeks;Group C:exposure to smoke for 8 weeks;Group D:exposure to smoke for 12 weeks;Group E:exposure to smoke for 8 weeks and stop exposure to smoke for 8 weeks. The immunohistochemical method was used to measure the number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs in lung tissue of rats. Results CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs were distributed clearly on the bronchial walls, in inflammatory area and around blood vessels. There was significant difference in number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs among 5 groups(F=53. 14,27. 41,P<0. 001). The number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs in Group A was significant less than that in the other 4 groups,respectively;the number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs in Group B was signifi-cant less than that in Group C and Group D,respectively;the number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs in Group C was significant less than that in Group D,respectively;the number of CD11c ﹢ and S100 ﹢ DCs in Group E was significant less than that in Group C (P< 0. 05). Conclusion Smoking exposure can cause an increase in the number of DCs in lung tissue of rats. With the exten-ding of smoking exposure time,the number of DCs increases more obviously. Once smoking exposure is stopped,the number of DCs decreases.%目的：探讨不同香烟烟雾暴露时间对大鼠肺组织树突细胞（ DCs）数量的影响。方法将清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠50只按照完全随机化法分为空白对照组（A组，10只）和香烟烟雾暴露组（40只），按照不同暴露时间将香烟烟雾暴露组又分为香烟烟雾暴露4周组（B组）、香烟烟雾暴露8周组（C组）、香烟烟雾暴露12周组（D组）和香烟烟雾暴露8周戒烟8周组（ E组），每组10只。采用免疫组化法测定大鼠肺组织CD11c和S100蛋白阳性DCs数量的变化。结果 CD11c、S100蛋白阳性DCs均在支气管管壁、炎症区域、血管周围分布明显。5组CD11c、S100蛋白阳性DCs数量比较，差异有统计学意义（F=53.14、27.41，P<0.001）。B、C、D、E组CD11c、S100蛋白阳性DCs数量均高于A组，C、D组均高于B组，D组高于C组，E组低于C组（P<0.05）。结论香烟烟雾暴露可以导致大鼠肺组织DCs数量增加，且随着香烟烟雾暴露时间的延长，DCs数量增多越明显，戒烟后其数量有所减少。
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