层次递进-解决问题结合教学法用于临床药师培训的探讨

摘要

目的:探讨临床药师培训的新方法,以为提高临床药师培训质量提供参考.方法:在充分认识层次递进(SPL)-解决问题(PBL)结合教学法的概念和特点的基础上,在临床药师培训基地学员培训过程中,将SPL-PBL结合教学法应用于理论知识和临床实践的教学中.理论知识的教学课程上半部分以SPL法为主,下半部分以PBL法为主.临床实践教学中,查房、医嘱审核、参与制订治疗方案、病例讨论的教学,以PBL法为主,中间穿插SPL法;问诊、药学监护、用药教育,以SPL法为主,中间穿插PBL法.结果:SPL-PBL结合教学法不但有效地调动了学员学习的积极性,增强了责任心,提高了临床专业知识和实践能力,还加强了学员的沟通能力、文献检索能力、文字表达能力、自学能力("四能"),提高了主观能动性.结论:SPL-PBL结合教学法,既兼顾了学员个体的差异性又调动了学员的积极性,既兼顾了学员基础理论知识的教授又加强了学员临床思维和"四能"的培养,可用于临床药师培训.同时,SPL法的合理运用降低了PBL法对学员综合素质等的要求,从而扩大了PBL法的应用范围.由于该教学法的应用时间尚短,在教学实践中还需对其不断的加以完善.%OBJECTIVE:To explore the new method for clinical pharmacists training,and provide reference for improving the quality of clinical pharmacists training. METHODS:Based on the full-awareness of Definition and characteristics of stage-progres-sive learning(SPL)and problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method,SPL-PBL teaching method was used in the teaching of the-oretical and clinical practice in the process of students training in clinical pharmacist training base. The teaching course of theoreti-cal knowledge was mainly SPL in first half and PBL in another half. While in the clinical practice teaching of ward rounds,check-ing doctor's advice,participation in the development of treatment programs and case discussion,PBL was mainly used interspersed by SPL;SPL was mainly in inquiry,pharmaceutical care and medication education interspersed by PBL. RESULTS:SPL-PBL teaching method had not only effectively aroused the enthusiasm of the students'learning,enhanced the sense of responsibility and improved their clinical professional knowledge and practice ability,but also strengthened the cultivation of students communication ability,document retrieval ability,writing communication ability and self-learning ability("four abilities") to make students more quickly into the role and improve their subjective initiative. CONCLUSIONS:Practice has proved that the SPL-PBL teaching meth-od not only gives consideratin to the inndividual differences among studengts,but also mobilizes the enthusiam,and not only gives consideration to the teaching about basic theoretical knowledge,but also strengthens the training for clinical thingkig and"four abili-ties",wich can be used for the clinical pharmacists training. Meanwhile,SPL has expanded the aplication surface of PBL beacuse that SPL has reduced the requirements of PBL for overall qulity. However,it needs to be improved because of the short time appli-cation.