氨基磺酸催化合成脂肪酸丁酯的研究

摘要

The fatty acid butyl ester was respectively synthesized by the esterification of oleic acid with bu-tanol and the transesterification of rapeseed oil with butanol catalyzed by amino sulfonic acid. The fatty acid butyl ester product was analyzed by GC and its structure was characterized by FT-IR. The effects of molar ratio of butanol to oil ( oleic acid or rapeseed oil) , catalyst dosage, reaction temperature and reac-tion time on the conversion rates of oleic acid and rapeseed oil were investigated. The results showed that the optimal esterification conditions were obtained as follows: molar ratio of butanol to oleic acid 3∶1 , catalyst dosage 0. 8% (based on the mass of oleic acid), reaction temperature 110℃and reaction time 1. 5 h. Under these conditions, the conversion rate of oleic acid and the yield of fatty acid butyl ester reached 88. 6% and 83. 5%, respectively. The optimal transesterification conditions were obtained as follows:molar ratio of butanol to rapeseed oil 10∶1, catalyst dosage 1. 0% (based on the mass of rapeseed oil), reaction temperature 115℃ and reaction time 2. 0 h. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion rate of rapeseed oil and the yield of fatty acid butyl ester achieved 85. 6% and 80. 1%, respectively.%以氨基磺酸为催化剂,油酸及菜籽油与正丁醇分别进行酯化反应与酯交换反应制备脂肪酸丁酯。并利用气相色谱及红外光谱对产物进行分析及结构表征。考察了醇(正丁醇)油(油酸及菜籽油)摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对油酸及菜籽油转化率的影响。结果表明,油酸酯化反应的最佳工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比3∶1,催化剂用量为油酸质量的0.8%,反应温度110℃,反应时间1.5 h,此时油酸转化率达到88.6%,产品收率为83.5%；菜籽油酯交换反应的最佳工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比10∶1,催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的1.0%,反应温度115℃,反应时间2.0 h,此时菜籽油转化率达到85.6%,产品收率为80.1%。