喷他佐辛在剖宫产术后静脉镇痛与硬膜外镇痛中的应用效果比较

摘要

Objective To compare the application effect of pentazocine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after caesarean section. Methods 120 patients who needed postoperative analgesia after caesarean section in our hospital from November 2013 to April 2014 were selected and evenly divided into PCIA group and PCEA group in random.In PCEA group,90 mg pentazocine,215 mg ropivacaine,5 mg tropisetron,and normal saline were mixed to 100 ml,while in PCIA group,90 mg pentazocine,2 mg propacetamol,5 mg tropisetron,and normal saline were mixed to 100 ml.Fifteen minutes before the end of surgery,disposable patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA) was connected in both groups.The mode of LCP referred to 5 ml load dosage,2 ml con-tinuous infusion dosage,and 2 ml self-controlled bolus for 15 set minutes.Scores of analgesia and sedation 6 h,12 h,24 h,36 h,and 48 h after surgery were observed.The adverse reactions like nausea,vomiting,respiratory depression,retention of urine after surgery,postoperative pump dropping,and numbness of lower limb were also observed in order to know pa-tient’s satisfaction. Results There was no significant difference about score of analgesia between the two groups (P>0.05).Within 24-hour application of PCA pump,there was significant difference in Ramsay sedation score between the two groups (P<0.05).In PCEA group,the incidence of numbness of lower limb and pump dropping was higher than that in PCIA group (P<0.05).In PCIA group,patient’s overall satisfaction on analgesic pump was 95%,higher than 85% of PCEA group (P<0.05). Conclusion The analgesic effect of pentazocine on PCEA and PCIA is almost the same,but by PCIA,it has advantages of convenient carry and easy performance,it can also avoid the potential complications occurred in indwelled epidural catheter,and patient’s satisfaction is higher,PCIA is more suitable in caesarean section,which is worthy of expansion.%目的：比较喷他佐辛在剖宫产术后静脉镇痛与硬膜外镇痛中的应用效果。方法选择本院2013年11月~2014年4月剖宫产需术后镇痛患者120例,随机分为术后静脉自控镇痛组(PCIA)和术后硬膜外自控镇痛组(PCEA),每组60例。 PCEA组配方院喷他佐辛90 mg+罗派卡因215 mg+托烷司琼5 mg+生理盐水至100 ml,PCIA组采用喷他佐辛90 mg+丙帕他莫2.0 mg+托烷司琼5 mg+生理盐水至100 ml,两组均于手术结束前15 min接上一次性自控镇痛泵,采用LCP模式院负荷剂量5 ml+持续输注剂量2 ml+单次按压量2 ml,锁定15 min。观察术后6、12、24、36、48 h各时间段的镇痛、镇静评分,并同时观察患者术后呕心呕吐、呼吸抑制、尿潴留等不良反应及术后脱管和下肢麻木的情况,调查患者的满意度。结果两组镇痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在自控镇痛泵使用24 h内,两组Ramsay镇静评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 PICA组患者对镇痛泵的满意度为95%,高于PCEA组的85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论喷他佐辛用于剖宫产PCEA和PCIA镇痛效果相当,但PCIA还具有携带方便、操作简单等优点,可避免留置硬膜外导管可能发生的并发症,患者的满意度较高,PICA更适合剖宫产手术,值得推广。