目的：探讨长沙地区某三甲医院住院患者RhD阴性血型分布特征。方法用血型凝胶卡和试管法对2011年1月-2015年4月的住院患者进行ABO及RhD血型检测。结果255179例住院患者ABO血型分布特征为O>A>B>AB，男女之间ABO血型分布差异无统计学意义（>0.05）；检出RhD阴性个体1470例，阴性率为0.58%，其中A型RhD阴性[A（-）]占0.22%，B（-）占0.12%，AB（-）占0.04%，O（-）占0.20%，分布特征为A>O>B>AB；男女之间RhD阴性分布差异有统计学意义（<0.05），且ABO各型中女性RhD阴性率均高于男性；RhD阴性在ABO血型系统中的分布频率男性为B>O>A>AB，女性为A>O>AB>B。RhD阴性患者中以产科患者为首，约占28.23%，其次为普外科患者和神经外科患者，分别占16.63%和7.91%。结论住院患者RhD阴性血型具有较高的频率，女性高于男性，且以产科患者为主。RhD阴性血型在ABO血型系统中的分布存在性别差异，其机制有待进一步研究。%Objective To investigate RhD negative blood type distribution of inpatients in a first-class grade-three hospital in Changsha. Methods The DiaMed gel card and test tube methods were used to detect blood type of patients from January of 2011 to April of 2015. Results A survey of blood samples of 255,179 inpatients showed the distribution of O>A>B>AB, and there was no significant distribution difference between female and male (P>0.05). Among those patients, there were 1,470 RhD negative individuals, which accounted for 0.58% in all inpatients. Blood group A RhD negative [A (- )] had the highest distribution of 0.22%, followed by O(-) and B(-) with 0.20% and 0.12% respectively, and the lowest distribution of 0.04% was AB (-). The RhD negative ratio of female was higher than that of male. RhD negative distribution in ABO system was different between male and female; the order in male was B>O>A>AB, while the order in female was A>O>AB>B. Among all RhD negative patients, the majority of the patients were obstetric patients accounting for 28.23%, followed by neurosurgical patients (16.63%) and general surgery patients (7.91%). Conclusions High frequency of RhD negative blood type is found in inpatients. The frequency of female is higher than that of male, and it is mainly distributed in Obstetrical Department. There is significant difference between female and male in the distribution of RhD negative in ABO blood group system, which needs further study.
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