利用纤维素酶降解稻草粉的研究

摘要

Cellulose is the most abundant organic raw material in the world,and it is the only renewable resource that is available in large quantities.Currently,only a few cellulose are utilized,most of cellulose are wasted and polluted environment.Therefore,finding a way to utilize the cellulose to solve the problem of food shortage and energy crisis by microorganism will have a significant influence on our life.Enzymolysis of cellulose is a complex biochemical process,its mechanism had been studied for many years.Its mechanisms had a various hypotheses.Three main theories being widely accepted are:Synergism,Initial degrading and Fragmentation.The optimal saccharification condition of rice straw powder by cellulose in this paper was obtained by the single factor experiment:rice straw powder was pretreated by1.0%NaOH+1.0%H2O2,substrate concentration was 2.5%,saccharification temperature was 50℃,saccharification pH was 4.8,and ratio of filter paper enzyme/β-glucosidase was 1 : 1.%纤维素是自然界中存在最广泛的一类碳水化合物,同时它也是地球上数量最大的再生资源.目前,自然界中纤维素只有一小部分得到了利用,绝大多数纤维素不仅被白白浪费,而且还会造成环境污染.利用微生物生产的纤维素酶将其转化为人类急需的能源、食物和化工原料,对于人类社会解决环境污染、食物短缺和能源危机具有重大的现实意义.纤维素的酶解是一个复杂的生化过程,其作用机制的研究一直受到人们的重视,许多学者提出了各种假说.目前较为普遍接受的理论主要有三个:协同理论、原初反应理论和碎片理论.本文利用单因子实验得到了稻草粉酶解糖化的最佳条件:稻草粉先经1.0%NaOH+1.0%H2O2预处理,底物浓度为2.5%,糖化温度50℃,反应体系pH4.8,滤纸酶:β-葡萄糖苷酶＝1 :1.