我国市售幼儿配方食品中可选择添加成分研究

摘要

目的 了解我国12-36月龄幼儿配方食品中可选择添加成分的添加和分布情况,为相关标准修订提供参考.方法 调查使用横断面研究,收集了164例近2年内我国市售不同品牌不同配方的幼儿配方食品,录入产品标签信息形成数据库,统计分析各可选择成分的添加和含量分布情况,并与我国标准相比较.结果 在调查的164例产品中,几乎所有的幼儿配方中都添加了可选择添加成分,其中牛磺酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、胆碱的添加率较高,分别达到了92.7％、90.9％、89.6％,而1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)、乳铁蛋白、酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)、多聚果糖、聚葡萄糖的添加率较低,酪蛋白钙肽、棉子糖、酵母β-葡聚糖在所有调查产品中均未添加.幼儿配方食品中可选择成分的使用量除牛磺酸含量分布集中在标准范围中部外,其余成分普遍分布在标准范围的低区间,对于未设置下限值的营养素,如DHA、乳铁蛋白和酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP),存在个别产品中含量值极低的情况.膳食纤维以低聚半乳糖(GOS)和低聚果糖(FOS)的添加比例最高,多数产品中GOS/FOS的比例为0.1～1.结论 我国市售幼儿配方食品不同程度地使用了我国标准及相关规定允许添加的绝大多数可选择成分,但各个物质的使用频次存在很大的差别.部分可选择成分的分布较为分散,其余大多数分布在标准范围的较低区间.建议我国根据市场实际情况和国际最新评估结果,进一步修订完善幼儿配方食品标准中可选择成分的使用.%Objective To investigate on the addition and distribution of optional ingredients in the follow-up formula for young children,and refer to the relevant food safety standards revision.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.A total of 164 follow-up formula for young children were collected in China in the last two years and the information on the product label were recorded.The addition and distribution were analyzed and compared with the Chinese food safety standard.Results Almost all of the 164 formulas were added optional ingredients,the addition rate of taurine,docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and choline were high,which were 92.7％,90.9％,89.6％ respectively,while1,3-dioleyl 2-palmitate triglyceride (OPO),lactoferrin,casein phosphopeptides (CPP),polyfructose,polydextrose were less added,casein calcium peptide,raffinose,yeast β-glucan were not found in any products.The contents of all ingredients were at a lower level of standard range except taurine in the middle.For nutrients without minimum level,such as DHA,lactoferrin and casein phosphopeptides (CPP),there was a very low content in a few products.The main source of dietary fiber were galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and oligofructose (FOS),and the ratio of GOS / FOS were 0.1 ～ 1 in most products.Conclusion In China,almost commercial follow-up formula for young children are added optional ingredients approved by Chinese standard and regulation in different level,however,the frequencies on ingredients addition are in big difference.The distributions of some optional ingredients are dispersed,while almost are in a lower level of standard range.It is suggested that the requirements on optional ingredients in the standard for follow-up formula for young children are improved based on the market situation and results of international risk assessment.