2014年以来美国高致病性禽流感疫情分析

摘要

A wave of highly pathogenic avian influenza started in USA since December,2014 and 219 outbreaks had been reported from 15 states until 13th,October,2015. The isolates included H5N2 and H5N8 subtypes. Outbreaks were firstly found in Oregon on the west coast and then were spread to the central states. The dominant poultry farms were commercial farms and the dominant species were turkey and layer. The wave has been a slash on poultry industry of USA. Control measures and outbreak investigations were launched by USDA and relevant governments and societies, and the wave seems to cease now. The wave of HPAI in USA was analyzed systematically in this paper to give clues for HPAI control in China.%2014年12月以来，美国家禽业暴发了严重的高致病性禽流感疫情。截至2015年10月13日，美国累计有15个州报告发生219起高致病性禽流感疫情，血清型包括H5N2和H5N8两种亚型。疫情首先发生在美国西海岸的俄勒冈州，随后逐渐向美国中部地区扩散。感染场户类型主要为规模场，感染家禽主要为火鸡和蛋鸡。本次疫情对美国家禽业带来重大打击。美国农业部协同各州政府、其他联邦部门和行业协会实施了一系列控制措施，开展了一系列紧急调查，使得目前疫情基本平息。本文将美国2014年底以来高致病性禽流感的发生情况加以分析，希望能对我国禽流感防控工作提供参考。