生物柴油原料资源开发及深加工技术研究进展

摘要

生物柴油（脂肪酸甲酯）是一种绿色清洁的再生能源。我国生物柴油产业发展速度很快，但受原料价格高及产品多元化程度低等因素的影响，生物柴油价格高，产业缺乏竞争力。开发多样化的原料资源，进行产品深加工，对于生物柴油产业的发展具有重要的意义。本文综述了国内外生物柴油原料开发利用进展，介绍了国外生物柴油原料资源分布、资源特点及不同原料生物柴油的特点。简述了我国生物柴油原料资源现状及发展策略。介绍了生物柴油深加工技术研究进展，重点阐述了在制备第二代生物柴油、生物降解润滑油基础油、脂肪醇、烷醇酰胺、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐及绿色增塑剂等方面的研究进展及面临的问题，指出开发高效催化剂是发展生物柴油深加工技术的关键。%Biodiesel is a renewable biofuel consisting of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Research on biodiesel is developing rapidly in China. However,due to the high price of feedstocks and the lack of down-stream products,the biodiesel industry is uncompetitive. Much effort has been devoted to exploiting lower-cost feedstocks and developing diverse down-stream products. This paper reviews the current research progress of feedstocks and deep-processing technologies for biodiesel. The status, distribution and features feedstocks for biodiesel are summarized. The characteristics of biodiesel from different feedstocks are presented. Biodiesel development strategies in China are proposed. Progress in FAME deep-processing technologies are also reviewed. As an important raw material,FAME can be deep-processed for producing a variety of valuable chemical products,such as second generation biodiesel,biodegradable lubricati base oil,fatty alcohol,alkanolamide,fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and green plasticizers. The main challenge for FAME deep-processing is to develop highly efficient catalysts.