摘要：近年来,随着无人机在农业领域的广泛应用,植保无人机已经成为农业航空植保器械的重要组成部分之一.相应地,人们也开始对植保无人机的综合性能要求越来越高.因此,如何实现对植保无人机的综合性能指标进行科学且全面的测评,已成为当前植保无人机大规模推广应用问题中的难点和热点.为此,在概述了植保无人机在农业应用中的特点和发展前景的基础上,指出了当前制约植保无人机发展的重要问题之一是缺乏高性能的植保无人机;并对植保无人机综合性能指标中的可靠性能指标、抗风性能指标、载荷性能指标、振动性能指标和喷施作业性能等5个主要性能指标的测试必要性和测试方法现状做了深入剖析,指出了各种测试方法的优点及不足;归纳了目前植保无人机综合性能测试中仍然存在的问题;最后,对未来植保无人机综合性能测试技术的发展提出了展望,指出了未来植保无人机性能指标测试体系完善和技术发展的方向.%In recent years,with the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in agriculture,plant protection UAV has become one of the most important components of agricultural aviation machinery for plant protection.Corre-spondingly,the better comprehensive performance requirements of plant protection UAV are needed for users.Therefore, how to evaluate the comprehensive performance indexes of plant protection UAV scientifically and completely has become the difficulty and hotspot of current problem in the large-scale application of plant protection UAV.The performance in-dexes of plant protection UAV are not only the direct manifestation of good or bad performance of UAV itself,but also the indirect reflection of aerial operation performance and safety.For the comprehensive performance indexes of plant protec-tion UAV,there are many indexes such as mission success rate,payload,effective flight time,endurance time,wind re-sistance, route accuracy,operation quality,operation efficiency.And the above performance indexes of plant protection UAV can been summarized comprehensively by the five indexes of reliability performance, wind resistant performance, load performance, vibration performance and spraying performance.Based on the overview of the characteristics and pros-pects of plant protection UAV in agricultural applications, one of the most important problems that restrict the develop-ment of plant protection UAV is the lack of high-performance agricultural UAV was pointed out.And the necessity of test and the status of testing methods for the main performance indexes in the comprehensive performance indexes of plant pro -tection UAV was analyzed deeply, which including the indexes of reliability performance, wind resistant performance, load performance, vibration performance and spraying performance,and the advantages and disadvantages of various test methods were pointed out.The existing problems in the comprehensive performance test of plant protection UAV were summarized,and the prospect of the development of the performance testing technology of plant protection UAV in the fu -ture was put forward, and the direction of improving the performance test system and technologies for plant protection UAV in the future was pointed out.
