影响百米运动员起跑反应速度的因素及其训练方法的分析

摘要

一直以来百米竞赛一直是田径运动中最激烈的比赛项目，运动员的比赛成绩往往只相差百分之一秒，微弱的比赛成绩差异使得运动员和教练员对百米比赛中的每个环节的技术动作的发挥都引起了重视。本文主要针对的是百米比赛中运动员起跑阶段反应速度的相关研究，分析了机体接收信号并做出动作应答的内部反应机制，分别从感受器、中枢神经系统、效应器三个角度总结出影响运动员起跑阶段反应速度的主要因素，并从这些影响因素入手，针对性地提出有效的训练方法帮助教练员改善百米运动员起跑阶段的反应速度，从而提高其竞赛成绩。%One -hundred -meter race is the most competitive event in track and field,and there is hundredth of a second disparity on athletes’competition results,which needs coaches and athletes’attentions on technical application.This paper researches athletes’reaction speed at a start stage,analyzes internal reaction mechanism, and respectively summarizes factors influencing their reaction speed from receptor,central nerve system and effector organs.And based on these factors,it provides targeted and effective training methods to help coaches improve athletes’reaction speed and enhance their sports achievements.