中国伞形科阿魏属及相关类群的果实形态解剖特征及其分类学价值

摘要

The fruit structures of eighteen species of Ferula (sixteen species from China)and two taxa of Dorema in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae were intensively studied,mostly using GMA methods.The results show that the mericarps of fruits are dorsally compressed,two marginal ribs are winged,the endocarp is com-posed of parenchyma cells,commissure comprises the entire width of the fruit,two carpophores are arranged on opposite sides of the commissural plane and spherical crystals are dispersed in the mesocarp.The taxa stud-ied could be divided into two groups based on the pericarp,vitta,and testa features.Group one (including 4 species of Ferula)has vittae with septa,fibrous mesocarp and testa with rectangular cells.Group two (inclu-ding 16 species of Ferula and 2 species of Dorema)has vittae without septa,mesocarp composed of parenchy-ma or lignified cells and testa usually comprising square cells.The fruit of Dorema and some species of Ferula are very similar in structure.The study supports the hypothesis that Ferula is an artifical taxon,indicated by classical taxonomy,and provides the morphological evidence that Dorema should be moved to Ferula (as Feru-la sensu lato ).%本文主要采用 GMA 切片法，深入研究了伞形科芹亚科阿魏属18种（其中16种产自中国）及 Dorema 属2种果实的结构，结构显示所研究物种果实的分果均为背腹压扁，两个边脊形成翅，内果皮由薄壁细胞构成，结合面与果实宽度相同，两个相对的心皮柄及中果皮有球状结晶。根据果皮、油管及种皮结构可将研究物种分为两组：组1（包括阿魏属4种）油管有隔，中果皮纤维化，种皮均由长方形细胞构成；组2（包括阿魏属16种及 Dorema 属2种），油管无隔，中果皮由薄壁或轻微木化细胞构成，种皮多为大的方形细胞。Dorema 同阿魏属一些物种果实结构非常相似。本研究支持经典分类学指出的阿魏属分类系统是人为的，为分子系统学显示的 Dorema 应移入阿魏属构成广义阿魏属，广义阿魏属是单系类群提供了形态学依据。