Institute of Pharmacology Taishan Medical University Tai’an 271016 China;
Departments of Behavioral Medicine&Psychiatry and Physiology Pharmacology&Neuroscience the Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute West Virginia University Health Sciences Center Morgantown WV 26506 USA;
Alzheimer’s disease; roflumilast; PDE4; cAMP signaling; APP/PS1 mice; cognition; depression;