珠海市2011～2013年围产儿出生缺陷监测结果分析

摘要

Objective To study the epidemic trends and distribution characteristics of birth defects in Zhuhai city from 2011 to 2013 ,and analyze the main relevant factors ,which could provide basic information for making prevention measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects.Methods The data of perinatal birth defects from all monitoring institutions in Zhuhai city from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The incidence of birth defects was 16.23‰ in Zhuhai city from 2011 to 2013 with an increasing trend. The top five types of birth defects were heart disease ,polydactyly ,syndactylia ,talipes equinova‐rus ,and cleft lip with cleft palate. The prevalence rate of birth defects was significantly higher in urban and among boys(both P<0.01).The incidence of birth defects was relatively high for puerperas over 35 years(22.81‰)and those younger than 20 years old(17.21‰). The proportion of the live birth defects and the prenatal diagnosis was 83.88% and 18.76% ,respective‐ly.Clinical diagnosis and ultrasound were the main diagnostic methods.Conclusion A well‐planned monitor system ,tertiary prevention strategy and comprehensive interventional measures are sensible ways to lower the incidence of birth defects.%目的：了解珠海市2011～2013年围产儿出生缺陷的流行趋势及分布特点，并对出生缺陷的主要相关因素进行分析，为制订出生缺陷的预防措施提供依据。方法对珠海市2011～2013年所有监测机构的围产儿出生缺陷资料进行回顾性分析。结果珠海市2011～2013年间围产儿出生缺陷发生率为16.23‰，有逐年上升趋势（ P＜0.01）；前5位出生缺陷类型依次为先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、并指（趾）、马蹄内翻足、唇裂合并腭裂；男性围产儿的出生缺陷发生率高于女性围产儿的发生率（P＜0.01）；城镇人口的出生缺陷发生率明显高于乡村（P＜0.01）。产妇年龄大于35岁和小于20岁年龄组的围产儿出生缺陷发生率较高，分别为22.81‰、17.21‰。出生缺陷儿活产率为83.88％。临床诊断和超声诊断为主要的诊断依据，其中产前诊断所占比例为18.76％。结论珠海市围产儿出生缺陷发生率较高，应做好出生缺陷监测工作，积极开展三级预防，采取综合干预措施，降低出生缺陷的发生率。