地图符号的认知语义分析与动态生成

摘要

面向位置服务背景下地图符号按需和动态表达的需求,提出了一种基于认知语义分析的地图符号结构化描述模型,以及建立在此基础上的地图符号动态生成方法.结构化描述模型立足"现实-认知-符号"的认知语义原理,以地图符号语素为基本单元、以语义结构为描述框架,侧重描写符号图形和语义之间的关联映射机制.动态生成方法的核心是一种规则控制语素组合构造符号的上下文无关文法模型,通过对图形语素、形态结构语素以及符号生成规则系统进行建模,重构了地图符号动态生成的文法编译器.以个性化导航路径符号为例,通过面向不同情境和语义结构的符号动态生成试验,验证了本文方法的可行性.本文研究将有助于进一步理解地图符号的认知和结构原理,并促进相关行业和应用领域地图符号化的按需和动态表达的水平.%Location-based services (LBS) requires generating real-time personalized and dynamic cartographic symbols.In order to tackle this problem, this paper proposes a structural description model and a dynamic generation method of cartographic symbols based on cognitive analysis.Following the cognitive semantics principle of 'reality-cognition-symbol', the description model elaborates the mapping mechanism between symbol graphics and symbol semantics, which uses symbol morphemes as atomic units and semantic structure as description framework.The generation method is composed of a context-free grammar model which uses rules to generate cartographic symbols on the basis of morphemes.Through the modelling of graphic morphemes, structural morphemes and rule-based generation system, a grammar compiler for dynamic generation of cartographic symbols is redesigned.Lastly, experiments of dynamic generation of cartographic symbols in different contexts and semantics are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.Therefore, this study leads to a further understanding of cognition and structure principles of cartographic symbols, and also pushes forward dynamic generation of cartographic symbols for related industries and applications.