江西省茶叶主产县茶园土壤养分现状分析

摘要

于2009～2010年，分析了江西省4个茶叶主产县婺源、浮梁、遂川、修水茶园的土壤肥力水平及养分丰缺状况，结果表明：（1）茶园土壤酸化较严重，所取茶园土壤pH值都在4．5以下，小于4．0的占72．0％，小于3．5的占26．4％；（2）土壤有机质含量较丰富，达到Ⅰ级茶园肥力指标的占66．0％，特别是高山茶园有机质含量较高，低丘和平地茶园含量稍低些；（3）全氮水平尚好，有效磷含量偏低，仅32．1％的茶园达到Ⅰ级和高产优质茶园肥力指标，修水有48．3％的茶园含量低于设备最低检测限值，有效钾含量极低，达到Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级茶园肥力指标的只有15％；（4）有效铁、锰、锌和铜含量较丰富，有效镁、硫和硼含量偏低，有效镁和硫达到高产优质茶园土壤肥力指标的不到25％，有效硼含量达到高产优质茶园土壤肥力指标的只有11％，修水和遂川有78．8％的茶园土壤有效硼含量低于设备最低检测限值。由此可见，江西4个茶叶主产县的茶园土壤肥力已存在严重酸化和养分失调问题，应及时采取相关措施以提高江西省茶叶产量和品质。%During 2009~2010, the author analyzed the soil fertility level and nutrient status of main tea gardens in Wuyuan , Fuliang, Suichuan and Xiushui counties of Jiangxi province .The results indicated that:(1) Tea garden soil acidification was seri-ous, the pH-value of all soil samples was below 4.5, and the soil samples with the pH -value of less than 4.0 and less 3.5 ac-counted for 72.0%and 26.4%respectively.(2) The soil organic matter content was rich , and the tea garden reaching the fertility standard of grade-Ⅰtea garden accounted for 66.0%.Especially the tea gardens in high mountain had higher soil organic matter content, and those in low hill and flat had slightly lower soil organic matter content .(3) The total nitrogen content in the soil was suitable;the available phosphorus content was relatively low , only 32.1%of tea gardens reached the fertility standard of grade -Ⅰand high-yielding and good -quality tea garden , and the available phosphorus content in 48.3% of tea gardens in Xiushui was lower than the minimum limit of detection equipment .The soil available potassium content was very low , and only 15%of tea gar-dens reached the fertility standard of grade -Ⅰand grade-Ⅱtea garden.(4) The content of effective iron , manganese, zinc and copper in the soil was rich , while that of effective magnesium , sulfur and boron was relatively low .Less than 25% of tea gardens reached the effective magnesium and sulfur standards of high -yielding and good -quality tea garden .Only 11% of tea gardens reached the effective boron standard of high -yielding and good-quality tea garden, and the soil effective boron content in 78.8%of tea gardens in Xiushui and Suichuan was lower than the minimum limit of detection equipment .Thus, there were serious soil a-cidification and nutrient imbalance problems in main tea gardens in the above 4 counties, and the relevant measures should be taken to enhance the tea yield and quality in Jiangxi province .