孟子将自孔子提出的工夫修养予以了细致化、体系化，同时他还注重将心性和身体紧密联系在一起。因此，孟子一方面以“求放心”来确立道德的主体性，进而以“尽心、知性、知天”“存心、养性、事天”的心性工夫来将道德意识、道德判断、道德境界予以养成；另一方面以“不动心”而“集义”的方法养成“浩然之气”的“大丈夫”气象，从而实现道德从心性到行为的转化即“践形”。孟子这种在心、性、气、形上同时展开的工夫论，恰如陆九渊所形容的，“孟子十字打开，更无隐遁”。%Based on Confucius′theory, Mencius developed the theory of self-cultivation, and set relation between body and mind. Therefore, on the one hand, Mencius established moral subjectivity by the way of getting back the lost mind, then brought up moral consciousness, moral judgment and moral state by the way of fully developing the kindness of the mind, understanding human nature, understanding the mandate of Heaven, preserving one′s kindly mind, supporting one′s human nature, and serving Heaven. On the oth⁃er hand, he brought up a great man with the vast vital energy by the way of imperturbation of the mind. And once one person has trans⁃formed his moral consciousness to body action, he has been a great man. Mencius′s theory of self-cultivation just as what Lu Jiuyuan said,"Mencius′theory opened everyone′s inner and outer world without any secret.
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