当前俄罗斯民族理论及政策聚焦问题

摘要

The major factors that lead to national problems in Russia include extremely complex ethnic composition,biased ethnic policies and the impact of globalization.Russian theorists show great concern for these problems and focus on inter-ethnic con-flicts,national separation,state-nation construction,reform of national federalism and status of overseas Russians.The dispute a-mong current various Russian national theories stems largely from different academic standpoints:the state's position,the position of Russian nationality and other minorities' position.In regard to the solution,a challenge faced by Russia is to search for balance between how to promote national blending and how to avoid the fault of the integration model of inter-ethnic politics in USSR.%极其复杂的民族构成、失之偏颇的民族政策与全球化的冲击是导致俄罗斯民族问题的主要因素。对此，俄罗斯理论界与政府表现出极大关注，并把目光聚焦在族际冲突、民族分离、国族建设、民族联邦制改革以及境外俄罗斯人地位等问题上。当前俄罗斯各种民族理论间的争议很大程度上源自不同的学术立场：国家的立场、俄罗斯族的立场以及其他少数民族的立场。在民族问题的治理路径上，如何在促进民族交融与避免苏联族际政治整合模式的失误之间寻找平衡点，是俄罗斯面临的一个挑战。