中古志怪小说与幻术艺术

摘要

Illusion arts originated abroad,booming in the Han Dynasty,performed in royal courts,and belonged to the arts of "various plays".Later,the immortals and Taoists grasped it and developed it to the materials for compiling supernatural tales,and these supernatural novels of the mid-ancient China became the key to studying our ancient traditional skills and artistry.Supernatural tales recorded nine types of illusion arts.The author attempted to study the development of these arts affected by our local cultures and their performance types in modern society.%幻术来自域外,在汉代极为兴盛,常见于宫廷演出中,隶属"百戏"艺术.后为尚神仙道术的方士所掌握,他们对幻术的利用构成了志怪小说的题材,中古志怪小说遂成为研究我国古代传统技艺——"幻术"艺术的重要材料.志怪作品共记述了九大幻术类型.域外幻术在中原的传播又受到本国文化的影响:我国民间以傀儡代替真人殉葬的古俗,致使傀儡幻术不见于宫廷演出中,也由此出现了傀儡术与傀儡戏的分化;截肢剖腹术违背了我国古代"身体发肤受之父母"的传统观念,被拒之门外;祈雨术与我国农耕文化相契合,深受人们的喜爱,在后世作品中频繁出现;隐身术、易形术等传承至今,常见于现在的魔术表演中.