汉语致使句的形式处理

摘要

There are at least five kinds of causative constructions in Chinese,the constructions of the collocation of verbs and prepositional phrases,verb-copying constructions,"ba" constructions with an object ahead,verb-copying constructions with their complements,and pivotal constructions with commands.But the current type-logical grammar has no tools representing the meanings of causative constructions.It would be neither intuitive nor simple to describe these constructions by means of the current type-logical grammar.So we intend to improve the type-logical grammar by adding CAUSE as a logical constant,complementing the structure rules about the movement and addition or deletion of some components of causative constructions,assigning categories to Chinese nouns and prepositions; then we give an intuitive as well as simple analysis on these causative constructions.Based on this work we shall extend the multimodal system of type-logical grammar,increase structure postulates,make constraints on frame semantics,and then prove the soundness and completeness of that system.%汉语致使句式至少表现为五种形式:动词和介词短语搭配的句子;动词多次出现的重动句;宾语前置的"把"字句;重动动补句和使令类兼语句.而通常的类型一逻辑语义学则没有表现致使涵义的工具;采用高阶逻辑手段表现汉语致使句式显得不够直观简洁,并且不便分析汉语的重动致使句.对类型-逻辑语法的工具进行改进:增添逻辑常项CAUSE;补充关于致使句组成成分移动增减的结构规则;给出汉语名词和介词的范畴指派;可获得关于汉语致使句式的直观简洁的类型一逻辑语法分析.据此对类型一逻辑语法的多模态系统进行扩展,增加结构公设和框架语义限制,确立系统的完全性.