文摘
英文文摘
Acknowledgements
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 The Objective of the Study
1.2 The Significance of the Study
1.3 The Organization of the Thesis
Chapter Two An Overview of the Studies on Politeness
2.1 The Definition of Politeness
2.2 Speech Acts and Politeness
2.3 The Social-norm View
2.4 The Conversational-contract View
2.5 The Conversational-maxim View
2.6 The Face-saving View
2.7 Gu's Politeness Model
2.8 The Theoretical Framework for This Study
Chapter Three Politeness and Culture
3.1 Definitions of Culture
3.2 Language and Culture
3.3 Socialization of Politeness System
3.4 The Origins of Politeness in English and Chinese Culture
3.5 Politeness: Different Cultural Values in English and Chinese
3.5.1 Individualism: the Core of English Culture
3.5.2 Chinese Politeness: a Collectivism-based Concept
3.6 The Concept of Face in Chinese and English Cultures
3.6.1 The Definition of Face
3.6.2 Face in English and Chinese
Chapter Four Refusals to Requests and Suggestions
4.1 Previous Studies on Refusals
4.2 Refusal Strategies to Requests
4.3 Similarities in Refusals to Requests
4.4 Differences in Refusal to Requests
4.4.1 Directness
4.4.2 Social Distance
4.4.3 Social Power
4.5 Offering Suggestions and Refusals to Suggestions
4.5.1 Differences in Offering Suggestions
4.5.2 Differences in Refusals to Suggestions
Chapter Five Refusals to Offers and Invitations
5.1 Some Explanatory Remarks
5.2 Refusals to Offers and Invitations in Chinese
5.2.1 Chinese Refusals to Invitations
5.2.2 Chinese Refusals to Offers
5.3 English Refusals to Offers and Invitations
Chapter Six Conclusions and Implications
6.1 Conclusions of This Study
6.2 Implications for ELT
Bibliography
