文摘
英文文摘
Acknowledgements
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Definition of Risk-taking in Language Learning
2.2 Theoretical Foundations of Risk-taking in Language Learning
2.2.1 Affective Filter Hypothesis
2.2.2 Output Hypothesis
2.2.3 Interaction Hypothesis
2.3 Classroom Researches Related to Risk-Taking Behaviors
2.3.1 Researches Abroad
2.3.2 Researches in China
Chapter Three Methodology
3.1 Research Questions
3.2 Subjects
3.3 Instruments
3.3.1 Questionnaire of Risk-taking Behaviors in Classroom Setting
3.3.2 EFL Proficiency Test (TEM-4)
3.3.3 Picture Description Task
3.3.4 Interview
3.4 Data Collection
3.4.1 Pilot study
3.4.2 Questionnaire
3.4.3 Picture Description
3.4.4 TEM-4 scores
3.4.5 Retrospective Interview
3.5 Data Analysis
3.5.1 Analyzing the Questionnaire
3.5.2 Measurement of General Oral Proficiency
3.5.3 Measurement of Fluency
3.5.4 Measurement of Accuracy
Chapter Four Results and Discussions
4.1 The Characteristics of Classroom Risk-taking Behaviors
4.1.1 General Risk-taking Behaviors
4.1.2 Differences between Individual Variables of Risk-taking Behavior
4.1.3 Distribution within Individual Variable of Risk-taking Behavior
4.2 Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and English Written Proficiency
4.3 Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and English Oral Proficiency
4.3.1 Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and General oral Proficiency
4.3.2 Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and Oral Fluency
4.3.3 Classroom Risk-taking and Oral Accuracy
Chapter Five Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings
5.2 Pedagogical Implication
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
5.4 Limitations of the Study
References
Appendix Ⅰ
Appendix Ⅱ
Appendix Ⅲ
Appendix Ⅳ
Appendix Ⅴ
Publication
