文摘
英文文摘
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Main issues of Translation Studies
2.1 Lead-in remarks
2.1.1 The notion of ‘translation'
2.1.2 Development of the idea
2.1.3 Empirical science revisited
2.2 What is DTS and its pivotal position in Translation Theory
2.2.1 The Holmes ‘map' of discipline: Position of DTS in translation theory
2.2.2 Notion and organization of DTS
2.2.3 Relations within DTS
2.2.4 DTS and translation theory: Pivotal position within the discipline
2.3 Development of Translation Studies since the 1970s
2.4 ‘Translation norms' first met
2.5 Comments on the present chapter
Chapter Three Historical observations on the association of ‘norms'
3.1 Overview of the historical observations
3.2 Translation theory in the 20th century: Booming of literary translation
3.3 Russian Formalism: Systemic research into literary translation
3.4 James S. Holmes: Name and nature of Translation Studies
3.5 Itama Even-Zohar: Constructing ‘Polysystem Theory’ in literary translation
3.5.1 Itama Even-Zohar: Exploring intrasystemic literary relations
3.5.2 Nature of Polysystems and Translation Studies
3.6 Gideon Toury: Norm-governed, target-oriented approach
3.6.1 TT (Target-culture) and target-oriented postulate
3.6.2 Translation as cultural facts
3.6.3 DTS and systematic methodology
3.7 Comments on the present chapter
Chapter Four Norms of translation: A rationale for Descriptive Translation Studies
4.1 Nature and roles of ‘Norms'
4.1.1 Acts of translation and translation events: Socialization and norms
4.1.2 Translation as a norm-governed activity
4.2 Overview of ‘translation norms'
4.2.1 Initial norm
4.2.2 Preliminary norms
4.2.3 Operational norms
4.3 Alternative and competing norms: Value and assessment behind
4.4 A method for descriptive studies
4.5 Comments on the present chapter
Chapter Five Observations on Chinese literary translation tradition from 1919 to 1949: Translation norms in practice
5.1 Overview of literary translation from 1919 to 1949
5.1.1 Characteristics of translation studies
5.1.2 Overall characteristics of translation of British and American literary works
5.1.3 Aestheticism and Stream of Consciousness: Testimony of norms in practice
5.1.4 Overall achievements discussed
5.2 On the orientation of literary translation within this period
5.2.1 Characteristics of the orientation of literary translation
5.2.2 Conflict between Classic and Modern
5.2.3 Turning in the idea of literary translation
5.2.4 Intermediate summary
5.3 The translation of British and American literary works in China: 1919-1949
5.3.1 Background information of literary translation
5.3.2 Overview of British and American literary translation
5.3.3 Literary series and British and American literary translation
5.4 Translation norms and reader's reception analysis
5.4.1 Translation and its influence upon translating strategy
5.4.2 Translated literature, reception background and selection analysis
5.5 Comments on the present chapter
Chapter Six Conclusion
6.1 Laws of translation
6.2 Tentative regularities of the study
Acknowledgements
References
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