The development, implementation and maintenance of integrated performance management systems, with special reference to practical closed-loop continuous improvement mechanisms

摘要

There is a need to understand management systems and their performance in terms of closed-loop functions that keep relating inltlui expectations (what the elient wants) to achievements (what the client, gets) in a way that promotes continuous improvement. This puper contributes towards the understanding of such an approach, and applies it to the systemic needs of some fundamental International Standards such as ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and ISO 18000 and continuous improvement quality systems in general.