Extraction of Nigella damascena L. Seeds with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

摘要

Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used for the isolation of Nigella damascena seed extractives. The composition of fatty acids of fixed oil and volatile compounds of essential oil was determined in the extracts. The seeds were extracted at 40 °C and 250 bar; the extracts obtained were further fractionated in two separators operating at 100 bar and 40 °C and 50 bar and 30 °C, respectively. Totally, 12 N. damascena samples were extracted and the total yields were in the range of 27.1-32.5 %; the yields in the 1st separator varied from 15.6 to 19.6 % while in the second one from 10.8 to 14.4 %.. The content of essential oil as measured by the standard hydrodistillation method was in the range of 0.45-0.60 %.. Linoleic acid was dominating (> 50 %) in the fixed oil fraction followed by oleic (> 21 %), stearic and palmitic (> 9 %) acids, Sesquiterpene p-elemene constituted from 65 to 87 % in the total essential oil, while the content of this compound in the extract collected in the 2nd separator was remarkably lower, less than 48 %.. The results obtained reveal the possibilities of using N damascena seed extracts in the formulations of foods and other preparations.