Mobile robot localization with sparse landmarks

摘要

This paper describes a mobile robot system designed to explore and map an indoor area such as is encountered in urban search and rescue mock-ups. The robot uses homogeneous artificial landmarks deployed during exploration for localization as it constructs a map, determining landmark distance and bearing with groundplane calculations from a single camera and using Kalman filtering techniques to perform localization. When implemented on a Magellan II mobile robot, the localization technique correctly localized the robot while exploring and mapping.