A self-propelled unmanned lightship, comprising a ship body (1), a suspension type electret (2), a friction power generation electrode pair (3), a connecting circuit (4), a negative electrode (5), a propeller electrode (6), and an electrowetting propeller (7). The suspension type electret (2), the friction power generation electrode pair (3), and the connecting circuit (4) are provided in the ship body (1); the negative electrode (5) is located on the bottom of the ship body (1); the suspension type electret (2) comprises silicon dioxide aerogel (2-A), helium (2-B), and a sealing electret thin film (2-C); therefore, the suspension type electret (2) has a characteristic of being matched with the air density, so that the suspension type electret (2) can be in contact with and separated from the friction power generation electrode pair (3) to generate an alternating current signal without large-amplitude swinging of the ship body in a wave energy acquisition process; the propeller electrode (6) and the electrowetting propeller (7) are made of thin film materials having a thickness of about 1 micron.
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