This invention is directed to manipulation and modification of the oral microbiome of a mammal, in particular a companion mammal, by intervention, for example by administration of supplemental compounds, modification of a dietary component, and/or physical intervention, based on sampling and assessment of microbes. The methods can be for the purpose of potentially improving an oral health condition of the individual. Manipulations are based on analysis of at least one sample obtained from an oral tissue or oral cavity of the mammal, and optionally other mammals, each sample including or indicative of microbes of an oral microbiome.
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