Improvements in apparatus and process for carrying out reactions which proceed endothermically in fluidised layers

摘要

Heat is supplied to endothermic reactions carried out in the presence of a fluidized bed of solids, e.g. catalyst, by means of a combustion chamber immersed in the fluidized bed, a gas being burnt in the combustion chamber in the interior of an air stream. As shown, fuel gas is introduced through pipe G into a stream of air from pipe L and burns in combustion chamber R, heating fluidized bed K; heat-conducting PICT:0803747/III/1 plates W may be provided. The fuel gas may be hydrogen, producer gas, water gas, illuminating gas, or natural gas. Reactions which may be carried out include the dehydrogenation, isomerization, and cracking of hydrocarbons (see Group IV (b)). Specification 644,013 is referred to.ALSO:Heat is supplied to endothermic hydrocarbon reactions carried out in the presence of a fluidized bed of solids, e.g. catalyst, by means of a combustion chamber immersed in the fluidized bed, a gas being burnt in the combustion chamber in the interior of an air stream (see Group III). Reactions which may be carried out include the dehydrogenation of cycloalkyl hydrocarbons to unsaturated compounds, aromatics, or terpenes in the presence of supported platinum metal or mixed oxide catalysts, butane or butene to butadiene, ethylbenzene to styrene, and methylbutene to isoprene. Isomerization of n-butene or n-butane, and cracking of di-isobutene, 1,1-dixylyl ethane, and 1,1-ditolyl ethane, may take place in the presence of alumina containing chlorine, or of aluminium silicate or magnesium silicate. In an example, dipentene is dehydrogenated to p-cymene using a chromic oxide-alumina catalyst. Specification 644,013, [Group III], is referred to.