This device comprises means for measuring a physical parameter of a patient, which delivers a signal from a physiological slow variation, in particular a signal of minute ventilation - (signal mv), and means for detection of the phases of awakening and sleep, comprising first means for comparing the average (ve) of the signal mv, calculated over a given number of respiratory cycles, at a predetermined threshold (threshold mv), and means for indicating a first signal when this average is greater than the threshold, and a first state of sleep in the opposite case. The device also comprises means for measurement of activity (signal g), at a short response time, the second means for comparing the signal activity at a predetermined threshold (threshold g), and means for indicating a second signal when the signal is greater than the threshold, and a second state of sleep in the opposite case. The detection means of the phases of awakening and sleep also comprise means for comparing the first state wake-up / sleep with the second state wake-up / sleep, and means for anticipating, in order to selectively modify the response of the first comparator means in the case of difference between these states, in particular by reducing the number of respiratory cycles to which is calculated the mean (ve128 and ve64) of the signal mv.
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