A cascaded multilevel converter self-test system and a self-test method for the cascaded multilevel converter self-test system are provided. The self-test system includes a cascaded multilevel converter (100) and a self-test device (200). The cascaded multilevel converter includes at least two converting circuits (130) which are cascaded. The self-test device includes at least one current detecting circuit (120), a voltage acquiring module (210) and a calculating module (220). The current detecting circuit is configured to detect a first detected current and a second detected current. The voltage acquiring module is configured to acquire first bus voltages and second bus voltages. The calculating module is configured to calculate an insulation resistance value of the cascaded multilevel converter based on the first detected current, the second detected current, the first bus voltages and the second bus voltages.
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