The subject of the present invention is a method for optimizing a nitrogen oxide pollution control of the gases in an engine exhaust line carried out according to a selective catalytic reduction by injecting a quantity of reducing agent into the line allowing to follow an instruction of quantity of oxides of nitrogen per second (1) at the exit of line. A readjustment (18) of the set point is made at each end of successive rolling distance intervals determined by integration (11) of the speed (10) in a time interval ending as soon as a predetermined target quantity of carbon dioxide. the total amount of oxides of nitrogen released per kilometer traveled is calculated (9) for each interval from a quantity of cumulated nitrogen oxides measured at the outlet (8) and compared with a quantity of target nitrogen oxides per kilometer (17) for calculating a deflection (16) for readjustment (18) of the setpoint.
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