Utilization of Perennial Natural Energy and It's Theoretical Considerations ―Electrical Power Generated by Thermal Difference of Ocean Water and Water Cell―

摘要

Japan produces less natural resources, so it is the most important problem for Japan to develop a perennial natural energy. One of them, an electrical power generated by thermal difference of a ocean water (EPTD) has been exploited for practical use. The EPTD is generated by expansion of liquefied ammonia, but an electrical power produced by water vapor (EPWV) is generated by thermal expansion of water vapor. However, the EPTD system has an extra equipment for liquefaction of ammonia, comparing with the EPWV system, because an ammonia of b.p. -33.5℃ can not be liquefied only by cooling the ammonia gas which is vaporized from the liquid ammonia, using the bottom water (～4.5℃) of deep ocean. The thermodynamics says that a thermal engine can not obtain 100% efficiency with every efforts, since a thermal engine needs the pseudo loss energy, which is, for example, the energy for resetting the piston to the top of cylinder, which is not changed to a work, but is indispensable to a thermal engine. Even the Carnot engine which is free from energy losses, the efficiency μ = (Q1-Q2) / (Q1+Q1'+Q2+Q2') is calculated to be 50% at T2 = O°K, due to the pseudo loss energy, Q2 and Q2'. The thermodynamical calculation of the thermal energy which is necessary for obtaining some electrical energy shows that the ratio of the thermal energy for the EPWV system to that for the EPTD system for the same generation powerr is 1 : 2. It means that the EPTD system wastes more fossil fuels than the utilized perennial natural energy. The water cell, whose electrodes of Cu and Zn are immersed in water shows the same potentials as that of Voltaic cell. When a cell Pt | H2O | H | Pt is used as pH=-meter, the voltage of O.41V is measured and pH=7 is calculated from pH=ΔE/0.059. This shows that a pH-meter also is a kind of water call. Anyaway, a water call is very hopeful as perennial energy source, since we can use a water instead of electrolytes, and it is theoretically possible for us to get the voltage of ca. 4V.