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Foreign influence in the Burmese language

机译:外国语在缅甸语中的影响

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摘要

Burmese has a documented history of one thousand years, and from the very first texts shows influence from foreign languages, especially in its vocabulary. Much less evidence of foreign influence is found in the grammatical structure of Burmese, though a closer look reveals some phrase structures that look rather un-Burmese and seem to be pattern replications from a non-verb-final language, such as Mon. The regular use of\udpostpositional grammatical markers especially in the written language, probably in indigenous feature of Burmese, may have been reinforced by literary contact with Pali.\udForeign elements in Burmese are important indicators of the\uddevelopment of the language and contact with other cultures. They not only tell us something about which cultures Burmese was in contact with, but also about the period and kind of contact. Three main sources of foreign elements in Burmese can be identified, namely early Indian (Pali and Sanskrit), early Mon, English, together with various more recent sources, including new Indo-\udAryan languages, Malay, Chinese varieties, and others. This study takes the linguistic evidence, together with what is known of the history of the involved languages and peoples, to draw a picture of contact scenarios into which the Burmese language and culture entered over the past one thousand years.\udThe Myanmar-English Dictionary by the Myanmar Language\udCommission (1993) identifies a large number of loan words in Burmese and indicates the source language, together with a more or less accurate transcription of the original form of the respective words, either in Burmese script (for Sanskrit, Pali, Mon, and Shan) or in Romanized transcription (for all other languages, including Hindi).
机译:缅甸有1000多年的文献记载,从最初的文本开始就显示了外语的影响,尤其是词汇量。在缅甸语的语法结构中,很少有外国影响的证据,尽管仔细观察会发现一些短语结构看起来不像缅甸语,并且似乎是非动词-最终语言(如Mon)的模式复制。与巴利语的文学往来可能加强了\ udpostposition语法标记,尤其是书面语的使用,尤其是书面语的使用,可能是由于与Pali的文学联系得到了加强。\ ud缅甸语中的外来元素是语言\ uddevelop的重要指标文化。他们不仅告诉我们有关缅甸与哪些文化接触的信息,还告诉我们接触的时间和种类。可以识别出缅甸的三种主要外国元素,即早期的印度语(巴利语和梵语),早期的星期一,英语,以及各种较新的来源,包括新的Indo- \ udAryan语言,马来语,中国语等。这项研究采用语言学证据,以及所涉语言和民族的历史知识,来描绘缅甸语和文化在过去一千年来所进入的联系情景。\ ud缅甸英语词典缅甸语言\ udCommission(1993)在缅甸语中识别了大量借词,并指明了来源语言,以及在缅甸文字中(或以梵语表示)相应词的原始形式的或多或少的准确抄写(梵语,巴利语,Mon和Shan)或罗马化转录(适用于所有其他语言,包括印地语)。

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    Jenny, Mathias;

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  • 年度 2015
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