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Explaining the immigrant health advantage: self-selection and protection in health-related factors among five major national-origin immigrant groups in the United States

机译:解释移民健康优势:美国五大民族移民群体中与健康有关的因素的自我选择和保护

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摘要

Despite being newcomers, immigrants often exhibit better health relative to native-born populations in industrialized societies. We extend prior efforts to identify whether self-selection and/or protection explain this advantage. We examine migrant height and smoking levels just prior to immigration to test for self-selection; and we analyze smoking behavior since immigration, controlling for self-selection, to assess protection. We study individuals aged 20–49 from five major national origins: India, China, the Philippines, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. To assess self-selection, we compare migrants, interviewed in the National Health and Interview Surveys (NHIS), with nonmigrant peers in sending nations, interviewed in the World Health Surveys. To test for protection, we contrast migrants’ changes in smoking since immigration with two counterfactuals: (1) rates that immigrants would have exhibited had they adopted the behavior of U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites in the NHIS (full “assimilation”); and (2) rates that migrants would have had if they had adopted the rates of nonmigrants in sending countries (no-migration scenario). We find statistically significant and substantial self-selection, particularly among men from both higher-skilled (Indians and Filipinos in height, Chinese in smoking) and lower-skilled (Mexican) undocumented pools. We also find significant and substantial protection in smoking among immigrant groups with stronger relative social capital (Mexicans and Dominicans).
机译:尽管是新移民,但相对于工业化社会中的土著人口而言,移民通常表现出更好的健康状况。我们会加大工作力度来确定自我选择和/或保护是否可以解释这一优势。我们在移民之前检查移民的身高和吸烟水平,以测试自我选择。并且我们分析了自移民以来的吸烟行为,控制自我选择,以评估保护程度。我们研究了来自五个主要国家/地区的20-49岁的个人:印度,中国,菲律宾,墨西哥和多米尼加共和国。为了评估自我选择,我们将在“国民健康与访问调查”(NHIS)中接受采访的移民与在“世界卫生调查”中接受采访的派遣国的非移民同龄人进行比较。为了测试保护性,我们将移民自移民以来的吸烟变化与两个反事实进行了对比:(1)如果移民在NHIS中采用美国出生的非西班牙裔白人的行为,移民本应表现出的比率(完全“同化”); (2)移民如果采用派遣国的非移民比率,将具有的比率(无移民情况)。我们发现统计学上显着且实质性的自我选择,特别是在高技能(印度裔和菲律宾人身高,吸烟中的中国人)和低技能(墨西哥人)的无证藏人中。我们还发现,在相对社会资本较强的移民群体(墨西哥人和多米尼加人)中,吸烟具有重要而实质性的保护。

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