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Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks

机译:aDHD面对风险的儿童做出次优决策:风险调整不良和延迟厌恶,而不是普遍倾向于承担风险

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摘要

Objective: Suboptimal decision making in the face of risk (DMR) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be mediated by deficits in a number of different neuropsychological processes. We investigated DMR in children with ADHD using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) to distinguish difficulties in adjusting to changing probabilities of choice outcomes (so-called risk adjustment) from general risk proneness, and to distinguish these 2 processes from delay aversion (the tendency to choose the least delayed option) and impairments in the ability to reflect on choice options. Based on previous research, we predicted that suboptimal performance on this task in children with ADHD would be primarily relate to problems with risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general risk proneness. Method: Drug naive children with ADHD (n = 36), 8 to 12 years, and an age-matched group of typically developing children (n = 34) performed the CGT. Results: As predicted, children with ADHD were not more prone to making risky choices (i.e., risk proneness). However, they had difficulty adjusting to changing risk levels and were more delay aversive-with these 2 effects being correlated. Conclusions: Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that children with ADHD do not favor risk taking per se when performing gambling tasks, but rather may lack the cognitive skills or motivational style to appraise changing patterns of risk effectively.
机译:目的:注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿面对风险(DMR)时的次优决策可能是由许多不同的神经心理学过程的缺陷所介导的。我们使用剑桥赌博任务(CGT)调查了患有ADHD的儿童的DMR,以区分难以改变选择结果的概率(所谓的风险调整)和一般风险倾向,并将这两个过程与延迟厌恶(趋势)区分开来。选择延迟最少的选项),并影响选择选项的能力。根据先前的研究,我们预测ADHD儿童在此任务上的表现欠佳将主要与风险调整和延迟厌恶相关,而不是与一般风险倾向相关。方法:初次接受药物治疗的多动症儿童(n = 36)为8至12岁,年龄匹配的一组典型发育儿童(n = 34)进行了CGT。结果:正如预测的那样,患有ADHD的儿童不太容易做出危险的选择(即危险倾向)。但是,他们很难适应不断变化的风险水平,并且厌恶厌恶的情绪更高-这两种影响相互关联。结论:我们的发现增加了越来越多的证据,即患有ADHD的儿童在执行赌博任务时并不赞成冒险,而是可能缺乏认知能力或动机方式来有效评估变化的风险模式。

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