Consideration on the relationship between rhythmic gymnastics and art : mistake on distinction between purposive sports and aesthetic sports

摘要

Rhythmic Gymnastics is a sport in which artistic aspects are included in the criteria for evaluation; however, as a sport it is required to decide on who has won and who has lost. Therefore, victory is clearly decided by objective evaluation. However, a subjective side to the sport also exists due to Rhythmic Gymnastics’ incorporation of artistic values such as beauty, grace and sorrow combined with musical composition. The reality that the artistic evaluation of Rhythmic Gymnastics exists between objective and subjective decision makes it necessary to clarify the relationship between Rhythmic Gymnastics and art in order to find the principle of evaluation methodology. The relationship between the beauty and artistic quality of sports has been repeatedly discussed in the field of sport philosophy from various perspectives. The purpose of this research is to clarify the mistakes regarding the distinction of sports in previous research discussing the relationship between sports and art thus far. As for whether sports are art or not in the history of research, the attitude that sports are not art has been supported in sport philosophy. It was clarified that the sports that had been discussed in the research were mainly those that placed greater importance on achieving a goal, rather than the process of achieving that goal. Furthermore, these sports were regarded as purposive sports and the sports for which importance was placed on the process were regarded aesthetic sports. Therefore, despite the fact aesthetic sports also have their own purposes; these sports were understood to have no purpose. It was clarified that the problem was that the relationship between sports and art had been discussed with the understanding that aesthetic sports have no purpose.