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Transport pathways and signatures of mixing in the extratropical tropopause region derived from Lagrangian model simulations

机译:拉格朗日模型模拟推导出的热带对流层顶区域的运输途径和混合特征

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摘要

Model simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) driven by wind fields of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were performed in the midlatitude tropopause region in April 2008 to study two research flights conducted during the START08 campaign. One flight targeted a deep tropospheric intrusion and another flight targeted a deep stratospheric intrusion event, both of them in the vicinity of the subtropical and polar jet. Air masses with strong signatures of mixing between stratospheric and tropospheric air masses were identified from measured CO-O-3 correlations, and the characteristics were reproduced by CLaMS model simulations. CLaMS simulations in turn complement the observations and provide a broader view of the mixed region in physical space. Using artificial tracers of air mass origin within CLaMS yields unique information about the transport pathways and their contribution to the composition in the mixed region from different transport origins. Three different regions are examined to categorize dominant transport processes: (1) on the cyclonic side of the polar jet within tropopause folds where air from the lowermost stratosphere and the cyclonic side of the jet is transported downward into the troposphere, (2) on the anticyclonic side of the polar jet around the 2 PVU surface air masses, where signatures of mixing between the troposphere and lowermost stratosphere were found with large contributions of air masses from low latitudes, and (3) in the lower stratosphere associated with a deep tropospheric intrusion originating in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Moreover, the time scale of transport from the TTL into the lowermost stratosphere is in the range of weeks whereas the stratospheric intrusions occur on a time scale of days.
机译:由国家环境预测中心(NCEP)的风场驱动的平流层化学拉格朗日模型(CLaMS)进行的模型模拟是在2008年4月在中​​纬度对流层顶地区进行的,以研究START08战役期间进行的两次研究飞行。一次飞行以对流层深部入侵为目标,另一次飞行以平流层深部入侵为目标,两者均在亚热带和极地喷气流附近。从测得的CO-O-3相关性中识别出平流层和对流层空气质量之间具有强烈混合特征的空气质量,并通过CLaMS模型模拟再现了这些特征。 CLaMS模拟反过来补充了观察结果,并提供了物理空间中混合区域的更广阔视野。在CLaMS中使用空气质量起源的人工示踪剂可得出有关运输途径及其对来自不同运输来源的混合区域中成分的贡献的独特信息。检查了三个不同的区域以对主要的输送过程进行分类:(1)在对流层顶褶皱内极射流的旋风侧,来自最平流层最低层的空气和射流的旋风侧向下输送到对流层,(2)在2个PVU表面气团周围的极地喷气的反气旋侧,在对流层和最低平流层之间发现了混合特征,来自低纬度的气团贡献很大;(3)在平流层下层与对流层深部侵入有关起源于热带对流层顶层(TTL)。此外,从TTL到最低平流层的运输时间范围在几周之内,而平流层侵入的发生时间则是几天。

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