The language of protest, belonging and exclusion : Russian anti-election campaigns in Europe (2011-2012).

摘要

This article focuses on specific protest language formed during the row of anti-election activities of 2011-2012, which were performed by Russian migrants currently residing in London, Berlin and Barcelona. The phenomenon is analysed from three standpoints (its linguistic variability and potential creativity, symbolic repertoire and communicative purpose) and provides a vivid example of how the processes of inclusion and exclusion – here expressed through activities of these groups within the wider context of Russian protest movements – influence the self-identification of Russian migrants regarding their homeland and former compatriots, other Russian communities worldwide and new host environments of Western Europe.