De la Révolution française à l'école de la IIIe République : une captation d'héritage?

摘要

Laurence Bénichou, From the French Revolution to Education under the Third Republic : the Misuse of a Legacy ? This study tries to define the attitude of schoolteachers, members of trade unions between the two World Wars, towards the heritage of the French Revolution. The sources used are mainly trade union publications : La Revue de l'enseignement primaire supérieur and L'École émancipée which reflect the two major currents in the trade union movement, the reformist current and the radical one. The author analyses the legacy of 1789 as it was understood by these publications. France as the patrie of the Revolution which brought in a new era was one element ; moreover, the values of the Revolution were transferred to the struggles of the unions and to the discussions about education. "Liberty" was emphasized in discussions concerning the freedom of education or the rights of trade unions; "Equality" was the banner of the struggle for equal educational opportunities for all children. As for the pedagogical contents of teaching the Revolution, there was obviously a strong contrast between the reformist discourse and that of the radicals ; nevertheless, the concern for objectivity led to a certain amount of agreement ; the education of the Republic took on the legacy of the Revolution in order to establish its own legitimacy.