Récupération de micro-énergie renouvelable par couplage multiphysique des matériaux : applications aux bâtiments

摘要

The aim of this study is to investigate ambient energy harvesting with coupling effect of piezoelectric, pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials. Three basic problems lie in an energy harvesting process with these coupling effects: (i) design and optimize a structure which is able to accumulate the micro-power from the energy source and transform it into the favorable loading on the active material, (ii) improve the energy conversion efficiency according to the suitable choice of material properties and (iii) develop an energy harvesting circuit which is able to improve the energy conversion efficiency. The developed approach was experimental and numerical studies at first in laboratory conditions for deep understanding of energy harvesting process and then in outside conditions for verifying actual performance of the realized devices. On the thermoelectric coupling effect, a new method of harvesting solar and ambient energy is presented. The method is based on thermoelectric and both sensitive and latent heat effects for energy harvesting day and night. A maximum power generation of 1Wm-2 is achieved with thermoelectric material (Bi2Te3). On the pyroelectric effect, the inherent fluctuation with time of the natural wind speed was used. A maximum time variation of temperature of 16°C/minute was achieved which corresponds to an average power of 0.6mWm-2. On the piezoelectric effect, a mechanical structure which is enlightened from harmonica was developed and dynamic fluid-structure problems were addressed. The developed prototype begins to work for wind speed around 2ms-1 and a maximum power generation of 8.9mWm-2 was achieved. Ultimately, a typical building application (automatic control of water cooling photovoltaic panel) with the harvested solar thermal energy is introduced. The proposed application highlights an example of using harvested micro-energy to improve macro-energy production (around 10%).