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The impact of alcohol and energy drink consumption on intoxication and risk-taking behavior

机译:饮酒和能量饮料对中毒和冒险行为的影响

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摘要

Background: It has been argued that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) causes a subjective underestimation of intoxication and an increased level of risk-taking behavior. To date, however, there is mixed support for AmED-induced reductions in perceived intoxication, and no objective assessment of risk-taking following AmED consumption. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the effect of alcohol and energy drink (ED) consumption on subjective measures of intoxication and objective measures of risk-taking. Methods: Using a placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over design, participants (n = 28) attended 4 sessions in which they were administered, in counterbalanced order: 0.5 g/kg alcohol, 3.57 ml/kg ED, AmED, and a placebo beverage. Participants completed the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale and a Subjective Effects Scale at baseline and 30 and 125 minutes postbeverage administration; risk-taking was measured using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Results: Participants reported greater subjective intoxication, impairment, and sedation after active relative to placebo alcohol consumption, with no interactive AmED effects. However, a significant moderate magnitude increase in stimulation ratings was observed in the AmED relative to alcohol, ED, and placebo conditions. There was no independent effect of alcohol, or interactive effect with ED, on the BART. A significant, yet small magnitude, increase in risk-taking was evident in active relative to placebo ED conditions. Conclusions: The interactive effect of AmED appears restricted to perceived stimulation, with alcohol-induced increases in subjective intoxication occurring regardless of presence or absence of ED. Engagement in risk-taking behavior was only increased by ED consumption; however, this effect was only of small magnitude; at these doses, alcohol consumption, with or without EDs, did not affect risk-taking. Further research assessing the dose-dependent effects of AmED on objectively measured risk-taking behavior could clarify whether the ED effect increases with higher doses and whether an interactive effect is observed with higher alcohol doses.
机译:背景:有论点认为,将酒精与能量饮料(AmED)混合饮用会导致对中毒的主观低估,并增加冒险行为的水平。但是,迄今为止,人们对AmED引起的中毒感减少的支持程度参差不齐,并且没有客观评估AmED摄入后的冒险行为。因此,本研究旨在确定饮用酒精和能量饮料(ED)对中毒的主观测量和冒险的客观测量的影响。方法:采用安慰剂对照,单盲,交叉设计,参与者(n = 28)参加了4个疗程,按平衡的顺序服用:0.5 g / kg酒精,3.57 ml / kg ED,AmED,和安慰剂饮料。参与者在基线时以及饮酒后30和125分钟时完成了双相酒精影响量表和主观影响量表;风险承担是使用气球模拟风险任务(BART)进行衡量的。结果:与安慰剂饮酒相比,参与者报告称,活动后的主观中毒,损伤和镇静作用更大,没有交互作用的AmED效应。但是,相对于酒精,ED和安慰剂条件,在AmED中观察到了刺激等级的显着中等幅度增加。 BART没有酒精的独立作用或与ED的相互作用。相对于安慰剂ED病情,活跃的冒险行为明显增加,但幅度很小。结论:AmED的交互作用似乎仅限于感知刺激,无论是否存在ED,酒精引起的主观中毒增加。 ED消费仅增加了对冒险行为的参与;但是,这种影响只是很小的。在这些剂量下,无论有无ED饮酒,均不影响冒险。评估AmED对客观测量的冒险行为的剂量依赖性作用的进一步研究可以阐明,高剂量下ED效应是否增加,高剂量下酒精是否观察到相互作用效应。

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